Cultural Survey
Past and current menstrual cycle rituals
Although menstruation is only one part of the human female’s fertility cycle, it is the most obvious. Throughout human history, different societies have used rituals to mark the onset, duration and end of menstruation. One group of theorists even posits that it was the basis of the very first human ritual. Although a few cultures view menstruation neutrally or positively, most of these rituals concern the social separation and/or cleansing of the woman during and after her period. This has understandably led to a general perception that menstruation and the menstruating woman are unclean and, by extension, therefore improper and unacceptable, despite the fact that menstruation is clearly a natural phenomenon.
Some traditions, for example, Judaism’s Niddah, officially offer an uplifting spiritual interpretation of the rituals, but even those cultures subscribe to the “menstrual taboo”. Members, including women, avoid mentioning menstruation in public (in media and advertising) and in private (with friends, with men, or even at home), and if they do talk about it, use terms which reflect disgust or discomfort with the topic. Even those Westerners who consider themselves free of religion avoid the subject, or, when they must attend to it, focus on practical ways of ensuring that their own “flow” disturbs the “normal” (masculine) flow of life as little as possible!
For background, review these brief summaries of some rituals, both negative and positive, this theory of menstruation and the origins of culture and this entry on the menstrual taboo, all at Wikipedia (note: the entries on Wikipedia could do with some enhancement, if you have the knowledge).
We will gladly consider any suggestions for additions or corrections to this historical and cultural survey. Please visit the Participate page to see how to contribute.
